Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

A system that combines maps and data to analyze locations and spatial relationships.

Components of GIS:

• Spatial Data (location)
• Attribute Data (information about the location)
• Software (e.g., ArcGIS, QGIS)
• Hardware (computers, GPS devices)
• People (GIS specialists)
• Methods (procedures and workflows)

Main Applications:

• Engineering: Infrastructure design
• Environment: Pollution tracking, resource management
• Urban Planning: Land use and development
• Agriculture: Precision farming
• Disaster Management: Risk analysis and emergency response